SVの動詞

英語の5つの基本文型のうち、SVでよく使われる動詞を説明します。

SVでよく使われる動詞の種類

SVでよく使われる動詞の種類をカテゴリー分けしました。

  1. 助動詞 (Auxiliary verb):主要な動詞を補助する動詞
  2. 行為動詞 (Action verb):具体的な行動を表す動詞
  3. 感情動詞 (Emotion verb):感情を表す動詞
  4. 知覚動詞 (Perception verb):感覚や知覚に関する動詞
  5. 思考動詞 (Mental verb):思考や判断に関する動詞

それぞれを詳しく見ていきましょう。

1. 助動詞 (Auxiliary verb):主要な動詞を補助する動詞

  • 助動詞 (Auxiliary verb)
    • 動詞と一緒に使われ、時間・疑問・否定などを表す
    • be動詞・have動詞・do動詞の3種類がある
      • 他の動詞の形を作る際にも使われる
        • 例:「I am eating.」のamはbe動詞の助動詞である
  • be(am, is, are, was, were, been, being)
    • I am happy.
    • She is a teacher
  • have(has, had, having)
    • They have two dogs.
    • He had a cold last week.
  • do(does, did, doing)
    • We do our best.
    • He did his homework yesterday.

2. 行為動詞 (Action verb):具体的な行動を表す動詞

  • 行為動詞 (Action verb)
    • 何かを行う動作を表す動詞
      • 物理的・心理的な動作を含む
        • 例:「run」「jump」「sing」「think」「write」など
  • go(go, goes, went, gone, going)
    • I go to school by bike.
    • They went to the beach last weekend.
  • walk(walk, walks, walked, walking)
    • She walks her dog every morning.
    • We walked for hours in the park.
  • run(run, runs, ran, running)
    • He runs every day to stay healthy.
    • They ran a marathon last month.
  • eat(eat, eats, ate, eaten, eating)
    • I ate sushi for dinner.
    • She eats a lot of vegetables.
  • drink(drink, drinks, drank, drunk, drinking)
    • Can I have a glass of water, please?
    • He drinks coffee every morning.
  • play(play, plays, played, playing)
    • They played soccer in the park.
    • I play the piano as a hobby.

3. 感情動詞 (Emotion verb):感情を表す動詞

  • 感情動詞 (Emotion verb)
    • 感情を表す動詞
      • 自分や他人の気持ち・状態を表現
        • 例:「love」「hate」「like」「fear」「enjoy」など
  • like(like, likes, liked, liking)
    • I like watching movies.
    • She likes to read books.
  • love(love, loves, loved, loving)
    • He loves his wife very much.
    • They love going on trips.
  • hate(hate, hates, hated, hating)
    • I hate spiders.
    • She hates waking up early.
  • want(want, wants, wanted, wanting)
    • I want a cup of coffee.
    • He wants to go to the park.
  • need(need, needs, needed, needing)
    • I need to buy some groceries.
    • She needs to study for her exam.

4. 知覚動詞 (Perception verb):感覚や知覚に関する動詞

  • 知覚動詞 (Perception verb)
    • 感覚を表す動詞
      • 見たり、聞いたり、匂いをかいだり、味を知ったりすることを表現
        • 例:「see」「hear」「smell」「taste」「feel」など
  • see(see, sees, saw, seen, seeing)
    • I see a bird on the tree.
    • Can you see the stars tonight?
  • hear(hear, hears, heard, hearing)
    • I can hear the music from the next room.
    • She heard a strange noise in the middle of the night.
  • smell(smell, smells, smelled, smelling)
    • The flowers smell so good.
    • I smell something burning.
  • taste(taste, tastes, tasted, tasting)
    • This soup tastes delicious.
    • He tasted the wine before serving it.
  • feel(feel, feels, felt, feeling)
    • I feel tired today.
    • She felt happy when she heard the news.

5. 思考動詞 (Mental verb):思考や判断に関する動詞

  • 思考動詞 (Mental verb)
    • 思考・知識・信念を表現する動詞
      • 知ることや理解すること、信じることなどを表現
        • 例:「think」「believe」「know」「understand」「remember」など
  • think(think, thinks, thought, thinking)
    • I think it's going to rain today.
    • He thinks that studying abroad is a good opportunity.
  • believe(believe, believes, believed, believing)
    • I believe in ghosts.
    • She believes that hard work pays off.
  • understand(understand, understands, understood, understanding)
    • I don't understand this math problem.
    • She understands the importance of learning a foreign language.
  • know(know, knows, knew, known, knowing)
    • I know the answer to that question.
    • He knows how to play the piano.
  • remember(remember, remembers, remembered, remembering)
    • I remember meeting you at a party once.
    • He doesn't remember his childhood very well.

なお、上記のリストは完全ではありませんが、英語の基本文型におけるSVの動詞として頻繁に使われるものを代表的に挙げたものです。

このほかに、以下のような動詞のカテゴリーがあります。

  • 変化動詞
    • become,get,turn,remain,seem など
  • 存在動詞
    • exist,appear,belong,seem,consist など

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